Basic ocular ultrasound examination in dogs (real-time B-mode)

Abstract

In recent decades, veterinary ultrasound has experienced a great technological and technical progress. Veterinary doctors not only use it for common evaluation of abdomen, or even heart, but techniques have been described for more special examinations, such as for the musculoskeletal, vascular, and ocular systems, among others. Literature on the subject has reviewed the development and application of A-mode ocular ultrasound, specific for ophthalmologic evaluation by veterinarians specialized in this area. Currently, a large number of veterinary clinics has real-time B-mode ultrasound scanners, which allow an excellent descriptive evaluation of the ocular anatomy to guide possible diagnoses. This review article concisely presents the main indications and realization technique for B-mode ocular ultrasound, as well as qualitatively describes normal scan images of this sense organ.