Editor en jefe Geovanny Mendoza-Sánchez, MV, PhD, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá Editor asociados Liliana Chacón Jaramillo, MV, MSc, PhD, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá
Ophidic accident in a dog (Canis famiiaris) and its treatment in Michelena, Tachira State, Venezuela: Case Report
We report the case of an ophidian accident caused by a Bothrops sp. snake to an adult mixed breed dog, an accident that occurred in a veterinary clinic in the city of Michelena, Táchira state, Venezuela. The venom inoculated by the bite caused hemorrhages, pain, inflammation, edema, bleeding, lethargy, and necrosis of muscles and tissues in the dog's left hind leg from the metatarsus to the lumbosacral region. With the urgency of the case, treatment started with washing and cleaning the wound area, intravenous hydration, injections of one daily dose of polyvalent antivenom with a total of 5 doses, control of hemorrhages with vitamin K injections, prevention of anaphylactic reactions with dexamethasone, and avoiding possible bacterial infections with antibiotics; The combined action of these treatments prevented the death of the dog, nonetheless that the venom of Bothrops sp. snakes has specific enzymes and proteins that caused inflammatory, proteolytic action, and necrosis of the muscles and other tissues. In Venezuela, the cases of snake bites in humans are high. Between 1996 and 2004, 53,792 cases of snakebite accidents were diagnosed. There is no data available on these accidents in dogs and cats, but it is estimated that they are also frequent events. Táchira, a Venezuelan state in the Andean mountain range, bordering the Santander del Norte department of Colombia, is the Andean state with the highest incidence of snakebite cases in humans and pets, such as the one described in this case report.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Self-perceived stress and distress related to serum cortisol in students
Stress is a physiological response of adaptation to threatening stimuli, through the secretion of cortisol. University students in the health area have a higher prevalence of stress and anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the self-perception of stress and anxiety related to cortisol levels during midterm exams in MVZ students. 45 students were selected, distributed in three groups (G1: I to III, G2: IV to VI, and G3: VII to IX semesters), who filled out surveys for self-diagnosis of stress and anxiety. Two blood samples were taken (T1: before, and T2: during midterm week) to determine cortisol levels by immunoassay. The results of the surveys were analyzed with McNemar and Chi square, and cortisol levels with T-student and ANOVA, correlations were evaluated with Spearman. There was an increase in G1 self-perception of stress and distress at T2 (p< 0.001), as well as significant differences in the perception of distress between all groups during T1 (p<0.001). Cortisol secretion was higher during T2(p<0.001, however, cortisol concentration between groups was similar (p>0.001). A correlation was found between psychometric variables for G2 during T2 (p<0.05). Academic exams increase stress, distress and cortisol levels in MVZ students, affecting their academic performance and health, which highlights the need to implement strategies to mitigate psychological distress in Universities.
Prevalence and risk factors of equine gastric ulcer syndrome at a single sport horse facility
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a common disease that impacts horse welfare. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gastric ulcers of the squamous and glandular portions, and simultaneous presentation and to determine their risk factors in sport horses at an equestrian complex in Colombia. These 50 horses showed that 23 (46%) had gastric ulcer (GU) in any of the stomach portions, 15 (30%) had Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD), 17 (34%) had Equine Gastric Glandular Disease (EGGD) and 9 (18%) presented ESGD and EGGD. In the affected horses, 26.09% presented ESGD, 34.78% EGGD and 39.13% ESGD and EGGD simultaneously. A significant association was found between GU in any portion with: breed (OR = 2.36, CI = 1.116-3.262), colic event during last year (OR = 2.516, CI = 1.63-10.042), previous diagnosis of GU (OR = 2.476, CI = 1.21-29.227) and with not being stabled (OR = 5.479 CI = 2.566-52.969). The study also showed an association between EGGD with concentrate consumption at < 2 kg/meal (OR = 2.095, CI = 1.599-7.333), having < 2 hours of grazing daily (OR = 4.636, CI = 1.684-31.435) and not being stabled (OR = 5.032, CI = 1.004-21.405). There was also a significant association between GU in both portions and previous diagnosis of GU (OR = 2.438, CI = 2.196-30.337). The presentation of the disease between the different stomach portions was significantly associated (p < 0.05). The results showed a significant prevalence of EGUS (46%) in the horses at the equestrian complex and it helped determine several associated risk factors.
Anatomical description of the vertebral column of the species Pudu puda
The Pudú (Pudu puda) is a species belonging to the Cervidae family. It is native to Chile and is distributed from the Maule region to the Aysén region. Today it is in a vulnerable state of conservation due to the urban approach to its habitat. There is not much anatomical knowledge of the structures that make up the spinal column of this species and its depth in clinical aspects is still little studied. Because it is a vulnerable species and requires routine care in animal rescue centers due to various accidents or attacks that they are faced with. It is necessary to deepen its different systems and organs with the intention of amplifying the morphological knowledge of this species. Due to the current situation of this species, an anatomical description of the bone segments that make up the vertebral column of four pudúes was carried out in the veterinary anatomy laboratory of the Universidad Santo Tomás and Universidad San Sebastián in the city of Puerto Montt, Chile. An anatomical description of each of the vertebral segments was made: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal. Through the observation and analysis of each of the anatomical segments of the spinal column, it was possible to identify a series of differences, of interest in aspects of comparative anatomy and that allow us to understand morphological characteristics of this native Chile species.
Osteometric study of the skull of the species Pudu (Pudu puda)
The following study focused on the osteometric measurements of the skull of nine adult specimens of the species Pudu puda, six males and three females, processed using the technique of osteotechnics and subsequently preserved in the anatomy laboratory of the San Sebastián University in the Patagonia campus and Santo Tomás in Puerto Montt. The objective was to determine a more detailed classification of the skull type of this species; for the anatomical description, the terminology recommended by the Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature 2017 and various studies focused on anatomical descriptions of the species and domestic animals was used. For osteometric measurement and cranial calculations, bibliographic support and research on the subject were utilized, focusing on domestic animals. The statistical analysis was conducted using the "t test" through the statistical program MINITAB (p<0.05). For the analysis, total average values, minimum values, maximum values, standard deviation, and error were considered. The results obtained provided relevant information regarding the metric characteristics of the skull of the species under study, allowing us to conclude that according to its total cephalic index (TCI), it is categorized as mesocephalic with a total of 51.6%, its facial index as hyperlepten with a total of 103.3%, and its cranial index as dolichocranial at 70.8%, mandibular index (MI) at 55.7%, and area of a facial triangle (AFT) at 7.7%, with no significant differences between male and female specimens.
Vertebral morphometry of the Caquetá Tití Monkey (Plecturocebus caquetensis)
Plecturocebus caquetensis, is a primate belonging to the family Pitheciidae that is located in Caquetá and Cauca regions of Colombia. It presents a high risk of threat and has been little studied, so to contribute to the knowledge of this species, several studies of its anatomy have been carried out, from which studies such as this one, focused on functional morphometry, derive. For this reason, the vertebrae of three juvenile female specimens from the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the Museo de Historia Natural of the Universidad de la Amazonia were studied, obtaining different morphometric variables analyzed through the use of the Infostat® software, for a total of 156 structures evaluated, corresponding to 20 cervical, 52 thoracic, 21 lumbar, and 63 caudal vertebrae. The study generates information on the relationship between morphometric characteristics and the ability to adapt to certain habitats or incompatibility that may exist with the anatomical characteristics of the specimens.
Swot analysis of integrated pest control measures used in bedbug control in Colombia and Spain
Despite the worldwide resurgence of bedbugs, information on these infestations is relatively scarce. Consequently, we sought to evaluate the records and experience on the control of this pest from Pest Control and Management Companies in Colombia and Spain. A confidential 27-question questionnaire, designed with Google Forms®, was sent directly through national associations and a survey company. The returned surveys were evaluated using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) approach. Thirty-one out of 900 surveys, between June and November 2021, were returned. Companies in Spain have on average 23 years of experience while in Colombia 12.7. In Spain, 100% of companies perform bedbug disinfestations compared to 88.2% in Colombia. In Spain, several control visits are made, and a higher proportion of clients are provided with information. In Colombia, neither diatomaceous earth nor sniffer dogs are used. Infestations occurred in all social strata, infestation sites included retirement centers, hospitals, and shelters. This study reports on weaknesses and areas in need of improvement in bed bug management and reinforces the strengths of pest control companies in their fight against the global resurgence of bed bugs.
Carotenoidesde nabo (Brasica rapa. L) como pigmento de la yema de huevo de codorniz (Coturnix coturnix japonicus)
El color de la yema de huevo es importante para el consumidor y permite mejorar su comercialización. Los estudios sobre la pigmentación del huevo buscan distintos tipos de sustancias para mejorar este parámetro. Para ello, se evaluaron los carotenoides de nabo forrajero en la dieta de la codorniz. Se usaron 240 aves en cuatro tratamientos: un testigo sin adición de carotenoides en la ración (T0) y tres tratamientos con carotenoides extraídos de hojas (T1), flores (T2) y semilla (T3), a razón de 80 mg/kg de alimento cada uno. Se determinó el consumo de alimento, la ganancia de peso, la mortalidad, los porcentajes de postura y de huevos rotos, el peso del huevo, el grosor de la cáscara y el color de la yema. Se usó un diseño completamente al azar. Hubo menor consumo en los tratamientos con carotenoides (p<0,05). Se encontró mayor ganancia de peso semanal en T0 (13,43 g) en comparación con los otros tratamientos (p<0,05). La conversión fue mejor en el tratamiento testigo (2,33) (p<0,05). La coloración de la yema de huevo se mejoró con la adición de los carotenoides, siendo la semilla el mejor tratamiento (p<0,05) con una coloración de 12,13 en la escala DSM. Las demás variables no difirieron estadísticamente (p>0,05). La adición de carotenoides de nabo forrajero afecta los siguientes parámetros: consumo de alimento, ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia de la codorniz en etapa de postura, pero mejora la coloración de la yema de huevo, especialmente la adición de carotenoides extraídos de la semilla del nabo forrajero.
Reporte de malformaciones y quemaduras de caparazón en morrocoys (Chelonoidis carbonarius) de vida libre en la Orinoquía colombiana
The red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) is a reptile species, categorized as vulnerable in Colombia, which is present in the lowlands of different geographic regions of the country. This report seeks to demonstrate the finding of lesions compatible with burns and malformations found in free-living red-footed tortoises in the Colombian Orinoco region. Five localities were evaluated in the departments of Arauca and Casanare, in which 176 captures were carried out. In addition, an analysis of the relationship between lesions and the cover and productive activities present in each area was carried out. In 39 cases, macroscopic findings of shell lesions were reported and documented (22 %). In most cases, macroscopic lesions were described as shell and plastron malformations. Other lesions observed were those caused by burns 23.07 % (n = 9). The highest proportion of individuals with burns was found in mixed mosaics (agriculture and livestock), while malformations were more frequent in productive livestock.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma in canine (Canis lupus familiaris): case report
The presence of neoplasms at the level of the oral cavity in dogs is evidenced by 9% in clinical studies, allowing a difference of 29% for benign cases and 32% for malignant cases. A 10-year-old female of the canine species, of the fox terrier breed, sterilized, living under the supervision of guardians. It was clinically evaluated by the presence of a proliferative mass with areas of hyperpigmentation at the level of the lower lip rostral to incisor and canine teeth at the level of the mandibular bone, with a compromise of the oral vestibule and sublingual caruncles. Histopathology indicated that the sample contains an abundant amount of dense, non-patterned fibroblastic tissue, with collagenous bundles in different directions, occasionally including well-differentiated bone tissue, which contains a medullary cavity. The morphopathological diagnosis consisted of an ossifying fibroma / acanthomatous ameloblastoma with ulcerative stomatitis. The case was approached from a surgical setting by means of a bilateral partial rostral mandibulectomy and the incorporation of an esophageal catheter, during the postoperative period. Through this report we seek to publicize presentations of this type of neoplasm and allow, through specific diagnoses, to make decisions that can support the quality of life of our patients.
Copyright (c) 2024 Manuel Alexis Saldivia-Paredes, Luckas Alejandro Vidal-Ordóñez (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Hematological Reference Intervals Milk-Fed Calves During the First Four Weeks upon Arrival to the Farm
The aim of this investigation was to establish the hematological reference intervals of milk-fed calves during the first four weeks of arrival at the farm. 80 dairy Holstein neonates were used (2 to 7 days of age). All calves in the study were fed standard milk replacer twice daily. The blood samples to establish the hematological reference intervals in milk-fed calves were taken 24 hours after arrival, at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days (5 samples in 4 weeks). A complete blood count and total serum protein measurement were performed, in addition, the calves were weighed 24 h and on day 28 after arrival. Parameters expressed in minimum and maximum ranges of WBC 3.5 to 53.6 cellx109/L; segmented neutrophils 46.6 – 0.43 cellx109/L, lymphocytes 13.4 – 1.1 cellsx109/L; monocytes 2.7 – 0.2 cellx109/L; eosinophils 0 - 0.8 cellsx109/L; basophils 0 - 0.5 cellx109/L, RBC 5.2 to 12.1 cellx1012/L; HGB 61 to 153 g/L; HCT 0.18 to 0.45 L/L, MCV 24 to 47 fL, MCH 8 to 15 pg; and MCHC 298 to 354 g/L; were obtained. For these 5 sampling times, the total serum protein was x̅ 5.11 g/100 mL, 4.76 g/100 mL, 4.63 g/100 mL, 4.65 g/100 mL, and 5.14 g/100 mL. Weight gain x̅ 51.82 kg (minimum 31.8 and maximum 72.6 kg). Given the non-existence of reference blood parameters in milk-fed calves, this study provides the bases to support initial reference parameters during the first 4 weeks of arrival in production systems (animals between 30 and 37 days of age).
Copyright (c) 2025 Monica Maria Baquero Parra , Felipe Antonio García Amórtegui, Dumar A. Jaramillo-Hernández (Autor/a) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Syrup Hedera helix Extract Poisoning in Dog: a Clinical Report
This clinical report describes a 1-year-old Golden Retriever dog weighing 24 kg that developed gastroenteritis as a result of the unprescribed and random use of a syrup Hedera helix extract, which is for human use only. Diagnosis was made after ruling out other factors that could cause gastroenteritis. An improvement in clinical findings was observed as a result of supportive treatment. It is already widely recognized that triterpene saponins, biological active compounds of Hedera helix, cause gastroenteritis in dogs and it is considered that unprescribed and random use of syrup Hedera helix at high doses, may cause severe gastroenteritis symptoms that will endanger life. It is concluded that successful management of Hedera helix extract poisoning depends on a good anamnesis, physical exams, and laboratory tests, rapidly ruling out other causes of gastroenteritis, quitting the use of syrup immediately and a supportive treatment.
Copyright (c) 2021 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Systemic Metastasis in a Female White Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
The occurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in exotic felids is poorly reported. A 6-year-old, unneutered, solitary, female white Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), living in a suitable environment, was evaluated for the presence of a mass near the left eye. Histopathology of the referred biopsy showed the presence of melanocytes with anaplastic features (pleomorphism, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, binucleation), hemorrhagic area and fibrinous inflammatory focus. The histopathological diagnosis was malignant melanoma. Two months after diagnosis, the tigress manifested considerable deterioration with weight loss and the presence of a round mass on the neck. At that time, because of its size, the melanoma totally obstructed vision. Based on this, and for humane reasons, the animal was euthanized. At the time of necropsy, metastasis was observed in the lungs, pleura and kidneys. This case demonstrates the importance of raising awareness of melanomas in underreported species.
Ingluviotomy for Foreign Body Removal in Domestic Calopsite (Nymphicus Hollandicus). Case Report
Birds have a unique anatomy and physiology. Their digestive system consists of esophagus, stomach (proventricle and ventricle), small intestine and large intestine. The esophagus has a dilatation called ingluvies in most birds, which stores food. Injuries and masses in these places can occur for several reasons, causing dietary difficulties and weight loss. Ingestion of inappropriate substances can form a mass, rest in the crop and cause intoxication. The aim of this study was to describe a case of ingluviotomy resulting from the ingestion of a foreign body in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). Ingluviotomy is an urgent surgical procedure, and it can be chosen to remove a foreign body in the ingluvium. The surgical resolution of the problem and clinical recovery occur without major problems as long as an appropriate clinical-surgical approach is used.
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria
Canine polyradiculoneuropathy due to Toxoplasma ssp: Case report
An unsterilized and unvaccinated six-month-old mixed-race female canine from the rural area of Apartadó-Antioquia was admitted to the clinic due to difficulty walking with an evolution time of two months and worsening of the signs. During clinical evaluation, he presented with inability to sit up, body condition score 2/5 with evidence of muscle atrophy, bilateral blindness, and nystagmus. Neurological evaluation revealed spastic tetraparesis, increased superficial sensitivity for the forelimbs and hindlimbs with a crossed extensor response for the latter. For causal confirmation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected by puncture in the atlanto-occipital space for analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by 18S rDNA amplification with a positive result for Toxoplasma spp The objectives of the case report are to describe the methodology used to arrive at the causal diagnosis of a pathology little taken into account within the differential of central nervous affection in canines, as well as with the diagnosis; calling for prospective epidemiological surveillance studies of a zoonotic pathology.
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Adverse reaction to the intravenous administration of a polyelectrolyte crystalloid in two canines of the French bulldog breed: Case report
Adverse reactions to crystalloids are rare in human and veterinary medicine. Some cases have been reported in which patients present with endocrine imbalances, where it is common to find patients with cutaneous signs, ventilatory signs and hemodynamic alterations. For the present case report, two canine patients of the French bulldog breed of 4 years and 4 months respectively, come to consultation, case 1 arrives because it presents epiphora, entropion and loss of vision, case 2 arrives due to the presence of an ocular mass. For the two patients a clinical evaluation is made, determining as a clinical conclusion the need to perform a surgical procedure; At the time of surgical preparation in both cases, fluid therapy with solution 90 is administered at maintenance doses, immediately presenting signs of adverse reaction such as skin rash, emesis, angioedema and hyperthermia. Patients are treated with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine and the solution 90 is withdrawn and changed to hartmann's and sodium chloride. Due to the presentation of the signs, samples were analyzed confirming the innocuousness of the hydrating solution and generating clinical suspicion of an immune-mediated reaction of endocrine origin.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma in African Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris): A Case Report
African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are an increasingly more common pet worldwide. In such species, the highly invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) clinical reports are even more usual. Our report presents a 7 years old indoor male African pygmy hedgehog, with a high grade and infiltrative SCC. Such condition induced left mandible caudal portion fracture, and tooth damage, clinically and radiologically evidenced. The patient presented progressive weight loose, and, finally, the euthanasia protocol was authorized by the owners. At necropsy, a 5-7 cm diameter whitish nodular, firm and solitary oral lesion was found, which caused oral damage and nasal turbinates compression. Also, another distant and solitary whitish nodular lesion was evidenced at the left lung cranial lobe. Histopathologic, histochemistry and immunohistochemical findings confirmed a high grade and infiltrative SCC with lung metastasis, and neoplastic emboli on lymph vessels both in oral and lung samples. Therefore, this is the first reported case with these histopathologic features.
Bacterial meningoencephalitis secondary to sinusitis caused by a moral fracture in an equine: Case report
An 11-year-old female Argentinean Saddleback equine was referred to the Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES for presenting ataxia, dysphagia, fever, and a history of nasal discharge. 4 months ago, a dental procedure was performed where an attempt to extract the upper right second molar was made (110) during the procedure it was fractured at the medial edge of the dental crown, after which there was a radicular remnant in it and it was not treated. Skull radiographs revealed an increase in radiopacity in the sphenopalatine zone, compatible with an empyema of the sphenopalatine sinus. A puncture of the atlanto-occipital region was performed for sampling and subsequent analysis of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), giving a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Treatment was focused on the reduction of edema and inflammation at the encephalic level with the use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. When no significant improvement was evidenced, the owner decided to apply compassionate euthanasia. The necropsy showed an oronasal fistula at the level of the molar involved, as well as an accumulation of pus at the level of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. The objective of this case report is to describe the evolution, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests and macroscopic and microscopic lesions, being the first report of this complication in Colombia.
Hemangiosarcoma conjuntival en una perra: reporte de caso
Hemangiosarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin, potentially deleterious, associated with areas of high vascularization. Tumor progression and growth are associated with these tumors’ ability to retain blood and give rise to tortuous blood vessels. They have a vast metastatic capacity, often occurring in organs such as the spleen, liver, and aorta artery. However, other sites may be affected, although less frequently, such as the third eyelid and the conjunctiva and cutaneous regions. This article aims to report the case of an 8-year-old female dog with a history of conjunctival hemangiosarcoma, in the medial region of the left eye, with a hemorrhagic appearance. The animal was submitted to the surgical procedure of enucleation after the involvement of the surgical margins in a previous histopathological examination.
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
First Description of Allochthonous Canine Dirofilariasis in Rio Branco, Acre: Case Report
Popularly known as “heartworm disease,” canine dirofilariasis is a zoonosis that has a worldwide distribution, transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes of the genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles. In regions considered non-endemic, it is of great value to identify microfilariae with zoonotic potential such as D.immitis and D.repens, in order to minimize or prevent the occurrence of outbreaks or epidemics. It is notorious that the prevalence of D. immitis has increased in several regions of Brazil and the world in recent years. In Rio Branco, Acre, until the writing of the report, there was no notification of dogs positive for heartworm disease, despite having basic sanitation conditions, rainfall and temperature that favor the high concentration of mosquito populations, which allows the maintenance and dissemination of microfilariae between animals and humans. Therefore, this study aims to report the first occurrence of canine heartworm disease in the city of Rio Branco, Acre.
Patricia Fernandes Nunes da Silva Malavazi
Diagnosis of canine transmitted venereal tumor in nasal cavity using rhinoscopy: report of 4 cases
The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) affects domestic dogs through intercourse, mechanical transplantation or by natural occurrence, with venereal transmission being the most common. It can occur in genital or extragenital regions, such as the nasal cavity. Complementary imaging exams allow an appropriate assessment of the location and, about rhinoscopy, an in loco assessment and collection of tumor tissue for histopathological evaluation. This article aimed to report four cases of dogs with TVT in the nasal cavity through rhinoscopy. A chow-chow dog and three unmarried dogs, all males, two to seven years old, with a history of upper respiratory noise, epistaxis, sneezing, exercise intolerance and deformity in nasal bone were admitted to the examination radiographic examination and biopsy guided by rhinoscopy for collection of a nasal tumor sample, with suspicion of CTVT. The collected material was sent, later, for histopathological examination, which confirmed the clinical suspicion and concluded the diagnosis. The association of imaging methods with rhinoscopy and radiographic examination, associated with histopathological examination, proved to be more efficient than alternative methods because it allows the study of the skull and its compliance, the direct visualization of the nasal cavity and the choice of the ideal site for collection of material, providing more accurate and safe results by histopathological analysis.
Copyright (c) 2005 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria
Copyright (c) 2005 Revista de Medicina Veterinaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determination of a treadmill test to evaluate endurance ride horses
Equestrian enduro is a sport that calls for good conditioning of the animals. Proper training and correct athletic monitoring are essential to minimize lesions and excessive physical exhaustion. This paper proposes a test performed on a high-speed band for horses aiming to provide guidelines and choices regarding the appropriate training intensity and to asses the physical preparation for Purebred Arabian Enduro horses.
Determination and evaluation of the best conditions for the production of a vaccine against Clostridium chauvoei
Clostridium chauvoei is responsible for a number of diseases such as symptomatic coal (blackleg) and malignant oedema in cattle, sheep and many other domestic and wild animals. Vaccines for the control of this and other livestock diseases caused by various species of clostridia are widely used. For vaccine production it is desirable that high cellular density cultures with high immunogenic power are obtained, mainly because immunity to Clostridium chauvoei is generally considered to be antibacterial rather than antitoxic. Consequently, culture conditions have to be adequately monitored and controlled. The aim of this work was to optimise the production of a vaccine against Clostridium chauvoei based on strains IRP-434, IRP 206, ATCC 10092, ATCC 11957 and LANIP, used by “Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios”, VECOL, S.A., to determine the culture medium that allows the highest cellular density. Results show that modified clostridium medium allows the highest cellular density production with average values of 31,5X108 cell/ml for the stock IRP 434 and 31,8X108 cell/ml for the stock IRP 206. Once defined the modified clostridium medium, the stock IRP 434,IRP 206 and growth time as the most suitable for optimal biomass production ( 16 – 48 hours), the lethal activity of the stock (LD50 = 106.6 , 106.8) was determined, the immunogenicity was evaluated through a potency test carried out in guinea-pigs. The presence of the flagellar protein was confirmed through the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique.
Evaluation of procedures for the conservation and culture of gastrointestinal parasites from free ranging primates
Obtaining good quality fecal samples from freeranging New World Primates is normally a slow and expensive task. So, it is necessary to ensure good sample handling for the optimisation of preservation and diagnosis. During some parasitological studies carried out by the Centro Araguatos, we obtained larvae from coprocultures and fecal samples preserved in a preservative (MIF). These procedures allowed us to study deeper the parasites of free-ranging monkeys. However, we have found problems: like the rapid desiccation of fecal samples in the coprocultures and some limitations on the implementation of the quantitative diagnostic procedures. This study evaluated the effect, use and limitations of using coprocultures and conserving the parasite eggs and cysts in MIF for the study of parasites in free-ranging New World Primates. The results show that it is possible to implement an efficient methodology for the conservation and parasitological analysis of fecal samples of New World Primates using both coprocultures and eggs conserved in MIF. This enhances the capacity of studies and improves diagnostic possibility. The larvae in the fecal samples show better growth in a proportion of fecal sample: substrate (sawdust) of 1:1, in culturing periods ranging from 7 to 15 days. A good dilution of feces: MIF for the conservation of eggs and quists is 1:10.
Effect of tryptophan suplementation in quails (Coturnix coturnix japónica)
The behaviour and productive parameters of 288 quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were studied in a commercial farm. They were supplemented with tryptophan as a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Levels of 0 (T1), 1,25 mg/day (T2) and 2,5 mg/day (T3). The control group showed a higher number of birds (P<05) with an aggressive position before an external stimulus. This study proves that tryphtophan decreases aggression and stabilizes social behaviour. Similarly, the number of birds with moulted backs was higher in the witness group. During the evaluation period a higher egg weight was observed along with improved food conversion and a higher weight gain in the groups supplemented with tryptophan clearly showing the positive effect of tryptophan.
Study of channels and margins of milk commercialization at the highlands zone of Sugamuxi providence (Department of Boyacá)
The objective of the present study is to give information about the milk marketing characteristics in Sugamuxi province. The commercialization channels were identified and the commercial agents’ participation margins were established along with the current state of the links that form the production chain. Furthermore, the diffusion and application of the Treaty of Competitiveness of the Milk Sector (ACCL) and of its system of prices were evaluated. This analysis discovered problems in two clearly defined areas based on topographical conditions (plain and hillside areas). They each present different problems and use different commercialisation channels. For this reason 235 surveys were given to the different links of the chain in each area. The commercialisation channel in plain areas is: producer, regional processors, wholesaler, consumer, and in hillside areas: producer, transporters, regional processor, local distributor and consumer. The commercialisation margins were calculated for raw milk, pasteurised milk and cheese. Because the profits are greater the great majority of producers in the plain areas are not applying the prices system. Furthermore, there is deficient knowledge of the ACCL on the part of the other links of the chain. Added to the small amount of information about the milk sector and the regional participants the development of a national competitive milk chain is blocked.
Porinas as an adyuvant of inactivated Newcastle vaccine in broilers
Three groups of 25 broilers were vaccinated on two opportunities by aerosol using inactivated NC (Newcastle) virus and different helper concentrations of porinas (20 ìg, 50 ìg, 125 ìg). A fourth group was injected with live B1 virus (12 and 28 days of age) nasally. The NC inactivated virus (La Sota strain) was concentrated 10 times with PEG with a final titer of 1:2.056. Twenty serums for each group were taken in order to evaluate NC antibodies using the HI and double immuno-difusion tests for IgA detection at 1, 12, 28 and 42 days of age. During the study the chickens were on a restricted diet in order to control ascites (2.640 mosl). On day 42, two broilers of the fourth group (live virus) presented ascites and 1 broiler of group 1 presented lung edema (20 ìg). The geometric mean for NC antibodies titers at 42 days of age was 2 in the groups 1,2,3 and 5.7 in the group 4 (Log 2). For IgA, 180 mg/dl, 135 mg/dl, 120 mg/dl and 176 mg/dl respectively. Three broilers of each group were challenged with a pathogenic strain of NC, at 42 day of age, without signs of disease after 72 hours when the positive control group was dead. Gross and microscopic lesions were not detected in the bursa of Fabricius or thymo. [thymo sounds like short hand for something that should be properly named.] Very good animal weight, conversion and efficiency results were observed in all the groups. New studies using a fixed dose of porinas, larger numbers of broilers and the establishment of protective levels of IgA against NC challenge are recommended.
Technique of the modified hammock for the extra-articulate stabilization of the knee in rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in canine
The anterior cruciform ligament is the main articulation stabilizer of the canine knee. Its lesion has a degree of uncertainty that unchains a degenerative osteoarthritis and damage to the internal meniscus in most of the cases. The rupture of the anterior cruciform ligament (RACL) is one of the most common pathologies in canine’s knee. This pathology is related to the patient conditions such as size, weight, exercise, and diverse biomechanical factors of each animal. RACL is generally accompanied by complications like lesions on the meniscus and ligaments, inflammation and pain. For treatment of RACL they have set up a wide variety of surgical methods, which implies a total approaching of the articulation. The modified hammock method allows a successful resolution of the problem with a minimally invasive approaching and excellent articulation stabilization which allows a quick recovery and adequate.