Genetic diversity of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Ciénaga de Oro, Colombia, using plumage genes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of domestic pigeon populations (<em>Columba livia</em>), using genes that are responsible for encoding plumage color and design, in Ciénaga de Oro (Córdoba, Colombia). Random samplings were performed in 5 colonies of Ciénaga de Oro from June to August 2015. By means of urban excursions, direct observation and photographic records, 325 pigeons were studied. Autosomal markers encoding plumage color and design were used: <em>Grizzle</em> (G), <em>Spread</em> (S), <em>Checker</em> (C), and the sex-linked <em>Ash-Red</em> locus (B). Genetic parameters—allele frequency, genetic diversity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and population structure—were calculated using the PopGene 1.31 program. Genetic structure and genetic distance were evaluated using the FSTAT v. 2.9.3.2 program. A dendrogram was elaborated using the MEGA 5.2 program. The marker with the highest allele frequency was <em>Spread</em>, while the <em>Ash-Red</em> marker showed the lowest values. Little genetic differentiation between populations and high gene flow were obtained. An excess of heterozygotes was observed, in addition to the absence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A possible natural selection for the <em>Spread</em> marker was evidenced.