Semen sexed using flow cytometry and concentration gradient centrifugation

Abstract

This study aimed to present a complete and updated review on the origin of sexed semen, as well as on the requirements and techniques of sperm sexing. In the last decades, several technologies were developed in the field of animal reproduction. Sexed semen is a recent biotechnology that is still under study and refinement in various stages, because the sexing process causes stress to the sperm, leaving it more sensitive to the storage process this directly interferes with fertility. This technology, which arrived in Brazil in 2004, has been gaining support among producers who want to produce more homogeneous animals for slaughter or for dairy production. The use of sexed semen has been disseminated in many herds of the world, since it is a technique with better results in the selection of sex. Many techniques have been used in order to seek a greater separation of sperms carrying X and Y chromosomes, with minimal sperm aggression. In this way, the use of sperm sexing has obtained results in the application of assisted reproductive biotechnologies, which has increased the gain in genetic improvement and has optimized productivity in the chosen sex. In the meantime, there are still many limitations, mainly concerning exposure time, exploitation rate, and the results of pregnancy rates in field conditions. On the other hand, the dose of sexed semen can cost two to eight times the value of conventional semen nevertheless, its use progresses in Brazil.