Epidemiology of hemoparasites and endoparasites in bovines in cattle reconversion areas of La Macarena (Meta, Colombia)

Abstract

The reconversion of illicit crops implies using alternative production systems. The Integrated Sustainable Agriculture and Livestock Nuclei (NISA) project supported these processes. A NISA nucleus consists of 20 to 28 producers who share knowledge of livestock innovation. A previous exercise in participatory epidemiology allowed to identify the most sensitive problems, including parasitic diseases. A transversal epidemiological study was performed in young bovines of different ages to establish parasitic infection dynamics in NISA nuclei in the municipalities of Puerto Rico and La Macarena, as a basis for prevention and control interventions. Ten young cattle and some adult animals were sampled in each farm for hematological and coprological analysis the weight and condition of each animal were recorded. Weight gain in calves fluctuated between 450 and 500 g/d. Internal parasites were found on all farms, but they were different in importance <em>Strongyloides papillosus</em> and <em>Toxocara vitulorum</em> presented high counts in cattle from 2 to 5 months of age. Trichostrongylids reached peak of excretion at six months of age. Moderate concentrations of parasites induce immunity thus, anthelmintic treatment is recommended only at this age. The existence of endemic stability for hemoparasites was suggested. Professional counseling should be directed to ensuring that producers understand these stability processes without abusing drugs, while attending to the components of animal handling and welfare. Rural extension requires accompaniment by public policies and attention to socioeconomic aspects in order to contribute to rural development, which help to the reduction of inequalities in the Colombian countryside.